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TUNISIA is a country in North Africa that lies on the south coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Algeria bounds it to the west and Libya to the south. Several islands, notably Djerba and Kerkennah, lie near the shore. Northern Tunisia consists of hills, plains, and valleys. Inland, the Atlas Mountains project’s foothills into the northwestern part of the country, rising from 610-1,520 meters or 2,000-5,000 feet.
TURKMENISTAN, a central Asian republic of the former USSR, declared itself a republic in 1991. It is bounded in the west by the Caspian Sea, in the northwest by Kazakhstan. In the north and northeast by Uzbekistan, in the southeast by Afghanistan, and the southwest by Iran.
All but about 20 percent of the land consists of the arid “black sands” of the Karakum Desert. In the country’s central and northern part lies the Adzhakya Basin, where the land descends to some 80 meters or 265 feet below sea level. Hills and the Köpet Dag Mountains rise in the south and east, and some peaks exceed 3,040 meters or 10,000 feet in height. These ranges extend for over 1,449 kilometers or 900 miles and straddle the border with Iran and Afghanistan.
UGANDA is a landlocked republic in east-central Africa. The Equator runs through the south of the country, and for the most part, it is a richly fertile land, well-watered with a pleasant climate. Uganda is a plateaux country, mountains, lakes, and plains, presenting a great variety of landscapes and vegetation.
UKRAINE, formerly a Soviet socialist republic, declared itself independent of the former USSR in 1991. An eastern European country shares borders with Moldova, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Belarus, and Russia. Within Europe, it is surpassed in size only by Russia. The Crimean Peninsula in the south (Crimea), which borders the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, has been an autonomous region within Ukraine between 1996-2014. Russian forces seized Crimea by force in 2014. Russia then annexed Crimea in 2014 following a referendum, administers it as two federal subjects of Russia, and claimed it to be “fully integrated” in July 2015.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA) is the fourth-largest country in the world. It stretches across north-central America, from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and from Canada in the north to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the south.
The world’s most developed nation, the USA, consists of fifty states, including outlying Alaska, northwest of Canada, and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. Two high mountain ranges dominate the country, the Rocky Mountains in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. Between them lie the Great Plains – fertile, flatlands crossed by many rivers. The largest of these rivers is the Mississippi, and together with its main tributary, Missouri, it is the third-longest river in the world. The Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie) in the northeast form part of Canada’s border.
URUGUAY is one of the smallest countries in South America. It lies to the south of Brazil on the east coast of the continent and is bordered by the Uruguay River to the west, the waters of the Rio de la Plata to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Uruguay consists of low plains and plateaux.
In the southeast, the grass-covered, rolling hills rise to 500 meters or 1,641 feet. There is a plateau with hills rising to 377 meters or 1,237 feet in the northwest and the second area of higher ground along the Atlantic coast with a maximum elevation of 501 meters or 1,645 feet.
VIRGIN ISLANDS (US) is part of the Virgin Islands group in the northwest of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea.
UZBEKISTAN, a central Asian republic of the former USSR, declared itself independent in 1991. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the north, Turkmenistan in the west, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the east, and Afghanistan in the south, and it encompasses the southern half of the Aral Sea. The Republic of Uzbekistan also includes an autonomous state, the Karakalpakstan Republic, in the far west, close to the Aral Sea.