The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was established on 1 July 1953 to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only.
The CERN members are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
Observers at the CERN are EC, India, Japan, Russia, Turkey, UNESCO, and the United States.