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Great barrier reef
A 1,242-mile (1,9988 km) chain of more than 2,500 reefs and islands along Australia’s northeast coast, containing some 400 species of coral.
Glossary
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Great game
A struggle between the British empire and the Russian empire for control of central Asia in the 19th century.
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Great kanto earthquake
An earthquake in 1923 in japan killed an estimated 140,000 people and left the city of Tokyo in ruins.
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Great lakes
A group of five freshwater lakes of central North America between the united states and Canada. The lakes are Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and superior.
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Great plains
A vast grassland of central North America is largely treeless and ascends to 4,000 feet above sea level.
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Great Rift Valley
The result of tectonic processes is a broad, steep-walled trough extending from the Zambezi Valley in southern Africa northward to the Red Sea and the Jordan River valley in southwestern Asia.
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Great Trek
In what is now South Africa, a series of northward migrations in the 1830s by which groups of Boers, primarily from the eastern part of the Cape Colony, sought to find new interior grazing lands and establish new political units beyond British reach.
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Great Zimbabwe
A city established in what is now Zimbabwe by the Shona around 1000. It became the capital of a thriving gold-trading area.
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Greece
Location: Southeast Europe Official name: Hellenic Republic Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1829 / 1947 Capital city: Athens Population: 11.2 million / 222 people per sq mile (86 people per sq km) Total land area: 50,942 square miles (131,940 square km) Language(s) spoken: Greek (official language), Turkish, Macedonian, Albanian Main …
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Green revolution
An agricultural program launched by scientists in the 1960s developed higher-yielding grain varieties and improved food production by incorporating new farming techniques.
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Greenhouse effect
The layer of gases released by the burning of coal and petroleum traps solar energy, causing global temperature to increase.
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Grenada
Location: West Indies Official name: Grenada Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1974 / 1974 Capital city: St. George’s Population: 108,419 / 828 people per sq mile (319 people per sq km) Total land area: 131 square miles (340 square km) Language(s) spoken: English (official language), English Creole Main religions: Roman …