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Trans-Siberian Railroad
A railroad that would eventually link Moscow to the Pacific port of Vladivostok. Built between 1891 and 1903.
Glossary
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Transcaucasia
A region that consists of the republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Located between the Caucasus mountains and the borders of Turkey and Iran.
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Transhumance
The movement of pastoral nomads and their herd animals between low-elevation winter pastures and high-elevation summer pastures.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
A treaty between Spain and Portugal in 1494 gave Portugal control over the land that is present-day Brazil.
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Treaty of waitangi
The treaty signed by the British and Maori in 1840 giving Britain control over New Zealand.
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Trinidad and Tobago
Location: West Indies Official name: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1962 / 1962 Capital city: Port-of-Spain Population: 1.3 million / 656 people per sq mile (253 people per sq km) Total land area: 1980 square miles (5128 square km) Language(s) spoken: English Creole, English (official …
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Tsunami
A giant ocean wave, caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption, with great destructive power.
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Tuberculosis
A respiratory infection spread by human contact, which often accompanies AIDS.
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Tundra
The flat, treeless lands forming a ring around the arctic ocean. The climate region of the arctic ocean.
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Tunisia
Location: North Africa Official name: Republic of Tunisia Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1956 / 1956 Capital city: Tunis Population: 10.4 million / 173 people per sq mile (67 people per sq km) Total land area: 63,169 square miles (163,610 square km) Language(s) spoken: Arabic (official language), French Main religions: …
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Turkey
Location: Asia / Europe Official name: Republic of Turkey Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1923 / 1939 Capital city: Ankara Population: 75.7 million / 255 people per sq mile (98 people per sq km) Total land area: 301,382 square miles (780,580 square km) Language(s) spoken: Turkish (official language), Kurdish, Arabic, …
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Turkmenistan
Location: Central Asia Official name: Turkmenistan Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1991 / 1991 Capital city: Ashgabat Population: 5.2 million / 28 people per sq mile (11 people per sq km) Total land area: 188,455 square miles (488,100 square km) Language(s) spoken: Turkmen (official language), Uzbek, Russian, Kazakh, Tatar Main …
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Tuvalu
Location: Australasia & Oceania Official name: Tuvalu Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1978 / 1978 Capital city: Fongafale (Funafuti Atoll) Population: 10,544 / 1054 people per sq mile (406 people per sq km) Total land area: 10 square miles (26 square km) Language(s) spoken: Tuvaluan, Kiribati, English (official language) Main …
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Typhoid fever
A bacterial disease spread through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%.
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Typhoon
A tropical storm, like a hurricane, occurs in the western pacific.