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SOUTH AFRICA is a republic that lies at the southern tip of the African continent. It has a massive coastline to the west on the Atlantic Ocean and the east on the Indian Ocean. Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland lie to the north of the country.
SOLOMON ISLANDS is an archipelago of several hundred islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Formerly a British Territory, the Solomon Islands became an independent state in 1978.
SLOVENIA is a small republic that, before 1991, was part of the former Yugoslavia. It is a mountainous country, bounded by Croatia in the southwest, Hungary in the east, Austria in the north, and Italy. Slovenia also has a short stretch of coastline (45 kilometers or 28 miles) bordering the Adriatic Sea, where Koper’s port is is located.
SLOVAKIA is a small, landlocked central European republic that came into being like a newly independent nation in January 1993, following the dissolution of the 74-year-old Federal Republic of Czechoslovakia. It shares its borders with the Czech Republic to the northwest, Austria to the west, Hungary to the south, Poland to the north, and Ukraine to the east.
SIERRA LEONE, a republic on the Atlantic coast of West Africa, is bounded by Guinea to the north and east and Liberia to the southwest. The country possesses a fine natural harbor where the capital and major port of Freetown is situated.
A range of mountains, the Sierra Lyon, rise above the capital on the Freetown Peninsula. However, elsewhere, the coastal plain is up to 110 kilometers or 70 miles wide, rising to a plateau and then mountains that are part of the Guinea Highlands Massif. The highest peaks are just under 2,000 meters or 6,562 feet. Eight rivers and many streams descend from the higher ground.
SEYCHELLES are volcanic islands that lie in the western Indian Ocean about 1,200 kilometers or 746 miles from the coast of east Africa. About 40 of the islands are mountainous and consist of granite, while just over 50 are coral islands. The climate is tropical maritime with heavy rain.
SENEGAL is a former French colony in West Africa that extends from the most western point in Africa, Cape Verde, to the border with Mali. The Republic of Senegal consists mainly of a low-lying savannah plain with higher ground only in the extreme southeast. The Fouta Djallon Mountains in the south rise to 1,515 meters or 4,971 feet. The River Senegal forms the northern boundary, and other rivers further south include the Gambia.
SAUDI ARABIA is a monarchy whose government and laws are based on the sacred teachings of Islam. The country plays a leading role in both the Middle East and the international stage. It occupies over 80 percent of the Arabian Peninsula, and most of its territory is desert.
The largest expanse of sand in the world, Rub al Khali (the Empty Quarter), is found in the country’s southeast – a harsh, uninhabited region hardly ever visited by man.
SÁO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE are volcanic islands that lie off the west coast of Africa. The islands were colonized in the 15th century by the Portuguese, who developed a slave trade, grew sugar cane, and settled convicts and other exiles on the islands.
São Tomé is covered in extinct volcanic cones reaching heights of 2,024 meters or 6,641 feet. The coastal areas are hot and humid. Príncipe is a craggy island lying to the northeast of Sáo Tomé.