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OMAN, or the Sultanate of Oman, is an oil-rich state in the southern Arabian Peninsula. It has a new enclave at the northern tip of the Musandam Peninsula, separated from the rest of the country by the United Arab Emirates.
Oman is a small country in two parts. It comprises a small mountainous area overlooking the Strait of Hormuz, which controls the Gulf’s entrance, and the central part of the country, consisting of barren hills rising sharply behind a narrow coastal plain. Inland, the hills extend into the unexplored Rub al Khali (The Empty Quarter) in Saudi Arabia.
NORWAY is a constitutional monarchy occupying the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe. Most of Norway’s eastern boundary shared with Sweden, but in the northeast, the border is with Finland and, for a short distance, with Russia.
In the far north, Norway’s coastline runs along the Barents Sea, which is part of the Arctic Ocean, and the upper third of the country lies within the Arctic Circle. The Norwegian Sea or the North Sea bounds the country’s long western coast, and, in total, the coastline extends for some 2,720-kilometers or 1,700 miles. In the southeast, the extension of the North Sea called the Skagerrak separates southern Norway from Denmark.
Five political/geographical regions recognized in Norway. These are North Norway, Trondelag, Vestlandet, Sorlandet, and 0stlandet.
NIGER is a landlocked republic in West Africa, just south of the Tropic of Cancer. Over half of the country is covered by the encroaching Sahara Desert in the north, while the drought-stricken Sahel grasslands lie to the south. In the extreme southwest corner, the River Niger, an essential navigable waterway, flows southeastwards for 483 kilometers or 300 miles, cutting off Niger’s far western territory.
NICARAGUA is the largest of the Central American countries. It lies between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east, on the isthmus of Central America, and is sandwiched between Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south.
The dense forests and sandy beaches of the Mosquito Coast in the eastern part of the country are the wettest part of the island and home to a variety of wildlife, including jaguar, monkey, puma, and crocodile.
NEW ZEALAND lies over 2,000 kilometers or 1,242 miles southeast of Australia in the South Pacific. It comprises two major islands – North Island and South Island – Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands and many smaller islands. The country’s features vary from extensive grassland and alpine meadows to mountains, fjords, and subtropical rainforests.
NEW CALEDONIA or Nouvelle Calédonie is the most southerly of the Melanesian countries in the Pacific Ocean. It is a French overseas territory, but there has been ongoing unrest in the country between the indigenous Melanesians and the French settlers over the question of independence.
The main island, Nouvelle Calédonie, is 400 kilometers or 248 miles long and rises to a height of 1,639 meters or 5,377 feet at Mount Panie.
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES consists of two sets of islands, the Southern Netherlands Antilles (Bonaire and Curacao) and the Northern Netherlands Antilles (Saba, St Maarten, and St Eustatius).
NETHERLANDS, also known as Holland, forms one of the Benelux or Low Countries and Belgium and Luxembourg. It is bounded in the north and west by the North Sea, in the east by Germany, and in the south by Belgium. The Netherlands is a very low-lying country, and the slightly higher ground is found only in the southern extremity where the land rises towards the foothills of the Ardennes. The Netherlands has mild winters and cool summers.